Neurological disorders are a global leading medical and societal challenge, affecting particularly the aged population. Because of the lack of efficiency of pharmacological options, alternatives such as electrical stimulation using implanted electrodes has gained popularity. However, this strategy lacks spatiotemporal control over the stimulation of specific neural circuits, of which no biochemical information can be acquired. Recent breakthroughs in non-genetic, light-mediated electrical stimulation have shown promising results towards minimally invasive devices with controllable performance following exposure to near infrared (NIR) light. The LIGHTEST project proposes an innovative neural interface constituted by electrodes combining graphene with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP), which will convert NIR light into electricity with spatiotemporal control. We will use novel tools to screen formulated graphene-UCNP complexes and evaluate their biological interactions in the presence of NIR light (e.g. high-throughput screening, RNA sequencing). This project counts on the applicant’s knowledge in synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of graphene-based materials, alongside the expertise of Dr Lino Ferreira in the formulation of light-responsive nanomaterials and their in vivo interactions, in combination with the experience in optogenetic engineering and mechanistic understanding of light-mediated stimulation in the brain from Dr João Peça at the Host institute. This project will contribute to the establishment of the applicant in Portugal as an independent researcher in nanomedicine, which is a strategic field that will boost European competitiveness in the development of novel therapies and inspire new generations for a better healthcare.